Planning a safe and efficient global path in a complex three-dimensional environment is a complex and challenging optimization task. Existing planning algorithms are faced with problems such as ...
The heuristic function \(\eta_{ij} \left( t \right)\) was calculated based on the distance and angle from the current node to the target node. It makes path search more directional. A pheromone ...
In recent years, global car ownership has increased year by year, leading to road traffic safety and vehicle congestion conditions are not optimistic. With the support of a new round of scientific and ...
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