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A proton isn't just three quarks and gluons, but a sea of dense particles and antiparticles inside. The more precisely we look at a proton and the greater the energies that we perform deep inelastic ...

The self-organization of active particles is governed by their dynamic effective interactions. Such interactions are controlled by the medium in which such active agents reside. Here we study the ...

Coulomb attraction, also known as electrostatic attraction, is a fundamental force that plays a crucial role in the interactions between nanoparticles. It is the attractive force experienced by ...

An atom is electrically neutral which means that there are identical numbers of protons and electrons. Positive charge of protons is composed of negative charge of electrons. It has no electrical ...

The attractive force between two surfaces in a vacuum - first predicted by Hendrik Casimir over 50 years ago - could affect everything from micromachines to unified theories of nature. What happens if ...

It's a problem that has stumped scientists for years. Now researchers have developed a model that can predict the movements of charged particles, even in heterogeneous environments like cells, blood, ...

Question: when is a strong force not a strong force? Answer: when it’s anywhere outside the atomic nucleus. That at least is the case with the strong nuclear force, one of four fundamental forces of ...

Physicist Markus Aspelmeyer vividly remembers the day, nearly a decade ago, that a visitor to his lab declared the gravitational pull of his office chair too weak to measure. Measurable or not, this ...