Digital-system designs require you to consider many core voltages. Memory operates at 1.8V, I 2 C and FPGA devices operate at 3.3V, microcontrollers operate at 5V, and charge-coupled-device image ...

In a balanced op-amp circuit, the op-amp inputs see equal impedances looking into the circuit. Balanced circuits provide better performance by cancelling some input errors and have a simple R F /R I ...

Did you ever wonder how to calculate the stability of an op amp circuit? Put the wrong compensation network into the feedback loop, and you’re got an attenuator or, worse, an oscillator. It’s not ...

Use of buck-boost circuits in switching-regulator ICs. Considerations in level-shift circuit design. Switching regulators with internal level shifting. The magnitude of the negative voltage generated ...

In the last Circuit VR we looked at some basic op amp circuits in a simulator, including the non-inverting amplifier. Sometimes you want an amplifier that inverts the signal. That is a 5V input ...