Granular gases consist of macroscopic particles that interact through dissipative collisions, leading to a rich array of non-equilibrium phenomena. The kinetic theory framework—grounded in adaptations ...

The table below shows a comparison of the same substance in three different states. A single particle does not have the properties of the material it is part of. The properties of a substance are the ...

Gas kinetic theory provides the fundamental framework for understanding the behaviour of gases from the molecular scale to macroscopic flow phenomena. Recent developments in simulation methods have ...