Planning a safe and efficient global path in a complex three-dimensional environment is a complex and challenging optimization task. Existing planning algorithms are faced with problems such as ...
In recent years, global car ownership has increased year by year, leading to road traffic safety and vehicle congestion conditions are not optimistic. With the support of a new round of scientific and ...
The heuristic function \(\eta_{ij} \left( t \right)\) was calculated based on the distance and angle from the current node to the target node. It makes path search more directional. A pheromone ...
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