You may have heard about NumPy and wondered why it seems so essential to data analysis in Python. What makes NumPy seemingly end up everywhere in statistical calculations with Python? Here are some ...

Anybody who has ever taken a numerical analysis course understands that floating-point arithmetic on computers is a messy affair. Even so, it is easy to underestimate just how messy things can be.

NaNs are defined in the IEEE 754 floating-point standard, which Python follows, as special values for quantities that cannot be represented by the hardware. This can happen as a result of operations ...