The vehicle scheduling problem (VSP) is one of the most important scheduling problems in public transportation systems 1, such as flight departure and arrival 2, airport ground service support 3, and ...

Employee scheduling aims to assign employees to shifts to satisfy daily workload and constraints. Some employee scheduling problems and their variants have been proven NP-hard, and a series of works ...

Value stream management involves people in the organization to examine workflows and other processes to ensure they are deriving the maximum value from their efforts while eliminating waste — of ...