Today, serious trading runs on systems. Decisions are written in code. Orders are triggered automatically.

If you had walked onto a trading floor thirty years ago, you would have heard noise before you saw anything. Phones ringing, traders shouting prices, hands signalling bids and offers. Markets were ...

Abstract: This research investigates the characteristics of Modular Multiplicative Divisor MMD labeling in a Jewel Graph under vertex switching when the jewel count is odd. We formally establish that ...